{"id":6417,"date":"2020-06-15T15:25:09","date_gmt":"2020-06-15T13:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=6417"},"modified":"2021-04-21T09:59:19","modified_gmt":"2021-04-21T07:59:19","slug":"tieng-viet-bao-ve-trat-tu-dua-tren-quy-tac-tai-bien-dong-mo-xe-nhung-luan-dieu-cua-trung-quoc-ky-cuoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.east-sea.de\/en\/2020\/06\/15\/tieng-viet-bao-ve-trat-tu-dua-tren-quy-tac-tai-bien-dong-mo-xe-nhung-luan-dieu-cua-trung-quoc-ky-cuoi\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy t\u1eafc t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng – ‘M\u1ed5 x\u1ebb’ nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c (K\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Jonathan G. Odom thu\u1ed9c Trung t\u00e2m George C. Marshall v\u1ec1 an ninh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ea1i Garmisch-Partenkirchen (\u0110\u1ee9c) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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Khi c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 n\u00ean b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea7u cho \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c theo C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc<\/em>: Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0o ITLOS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea sau: C\u00f3 168 qu\u1ed1c gia tham gia UNCLOS nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 21 gh\u1ebf th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong su\u1ed1t 25 n\u0103m qua k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 80% s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi 147 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong \u0111\u1ee3t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ITLOS l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1eefa:\u00a0<\/em>Th\u1ef1c ra, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian 25 n\u0103m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd vi ph\u1ea1m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:\u00a0<\/em>\u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII c\u1ee7a UNCLOS quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n ITLOS trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 9 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a 9 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ee3t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ITLOS l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Hai trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd (th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n Malta v\u00e0 Ukraine) hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ITLOS v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed. Ba \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean (th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n Chile, Uruguay v\u00e0 Italy) hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 (th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n Italy) t\u1eebng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean ITLOS. M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean (th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n Cameroon) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 12 n\u0103m tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb th\u01b0 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ICJ. M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean (th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n Brazil) l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n ITLOS. M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean (th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n Jamaica) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 12 n\u0103m tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i C\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (Jamaica). V\u00e0 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn (th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n Zimbabwe) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh trong 8 n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o trong vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n hay tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; do v\u1eady, \u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t x\u1eed tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong vai tr\u00f2 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0y trong c\u01a1 quan lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ngang nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i UNCLOS \u201cch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y l\u1ed9n\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Australia, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i Singapore v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i Hungary \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb-ngo\u1ea1i giao \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng ITLOS kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n ngo\u1ea1i giao hay ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 hay th\u00e0nh t\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, khi so s\u00e1nh h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a 9 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 7\/9 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u01a1n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n t\u1ea1i ITLOS.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u201cquan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00e2u \u00c1\u201d ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y:\u00a0<\/em>\u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII c\u1ee7a UNCLOS quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ITLOS s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ITLOS. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 55 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u00e2u \u00c1-Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ITLOS c\u00f3 4 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u00e2u \u00c1-Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 3 n\u0103m\/l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, cho d\u00f9 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong \u0111\u1ee3t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1-Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1eabn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ITLOS.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y:\u00a0<\/em>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u0103m 1986, ICJ ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho M\u1ef9 trong v\u1ee5 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi Nicaragua v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb M\u1ef9 ngang nhi\u00ean b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ICJ l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, 15 th\u00e1ng sau, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o ICJ.<\/p>\n

Theo Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh 92 v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u0103m 1987 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu k\u00edn, v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eeb khi nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f4ng khai l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n ICJ n\u0103m 2017, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu b\u1ed5 sung gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Anh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Anh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 71 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Sau cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu k\u00edn khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m v\u1eady. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Anh \u0111\u01b0a tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Anh v\u00ec \u00f4ng n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Anh Tony Blair trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Iraq n\u0103m 2003.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t.\u00a0Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,<\/em>\u00a0lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean UNCLOS xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00e1ng tranh c\u00e3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean ITLOS n\u00e0o;\u00a0th\u1ee9 hai,<\/em>\u00a0n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean UNCLOS ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n ITLOS mang t\u00ednh b\u00ed m\u1eadt; v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ee9 ba,<\/em>\u00a0n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean UNCLOS ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng khai ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho ai v\u00e0 l\u00fd do l\u00e0m v\u1eady trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ITLOS.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c thi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 1\/2017, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi Geneva (Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chung t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eed t\u1ecda qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi. Do v\u1eady, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 n\u00ean cao tinh th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ec9a mai r\u1eb1ng T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 6 th\u00e1ng sau khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng khen ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia UNCLOS s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ebfm hoi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean n\u0103m nay. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang r\u1ebd quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a UNCLOS \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Khi b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ITLOS c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 160 n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 can \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

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Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Jonathan G. Odom thu\u1ed9c Trung t\u00e2m George C. Marshall v\u1ec1 an ninh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ea1i Garmisch-Partenkirchen (\u0110\u1ee9c) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Khi c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 n\u00ean b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu […]<\/p>\n

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