{"id":10414,"date":"2022-06-04T11:36:57","date_gmt":"2022-06-04T09:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=10414"},"modified":"2022-06-09T12:27:54","modified_gmt":"2022-06-09T10:27:54","slug":"tieng-viet-vai-tro-dien-hat-nhan-trong-chuyen-doi-co-cau-dien-nang-cua-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.east-sea.de\/de\/2022\/06\/04\/tieng-viet-vai-tro-dien-hat-nhan-trong-chuyen-doi-co-cau-dien-nang-cua-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"Vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi cam k\u1ebft COP26, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd quay l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng \u1ea5m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb COP26 (th\u00e1ng 11\/2021) \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 v\u00e0o 2050\/2060, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than, gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng (LNG), \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 xem \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (\u0110HN) l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra cam k\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng carbon v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m cao, trong khi ngu\u1ed3n thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Ukraine b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 24\/2\/2022 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed l\u00ean cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111ang lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean bang Nga. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3\/2022, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 441 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t 394.000 MWe, c\u00f3 51 l\u00f2 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 54.000 MWe. \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc (32 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n), v\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA), \u00f4ng Rafael Grossi: Trong 10 n\u0103m t\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 10 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, 93 l\u00f2 \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 96.000 MWe, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 20% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 56 l\u00f2 \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 62.000 MWe, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 75% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c gia. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 54 l\u00f2 \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 51.000 MWe, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 5% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. T\u1eeb sau Fukushima, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 10 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c l\u00f2 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh sau COP26, M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (bao g\u1ed3m l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 LWR ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00f2 m\u00f4 \u0111un c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf SMR) \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 52% v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 100% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch n\u0103m 2035, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nga c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb 20% l\u00ean 37% trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. Hi\u1ec7n nay Nga l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nga \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN t\u1ea1i Akkuyu (Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3), Bangladesh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ (AES2006\/VVER-1200), \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN m\u1edbi (l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 LWR) nh\u01b0 Hungary, Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Czech, Slovakia, Ai C\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, ch\u00e2u Phi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Ukraine v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110HN c\u1ee7a Nga v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf (tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Ukraine v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn n\u1ebfu Nga v\u00e0 Ukraine \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh s\u1edbm). Vi\u1ec7c Nga g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110HN s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i k\u00fd k\u1ebft th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c – \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111ang t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb 51.000 MWe t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2020 l\u00ean 70.000 MWe v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 (ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m 2020, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 58.000 MWe \u0111\u1eb7t ra).<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ (Hua Long One), \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u01a1 quan Ph\u00e1p quy H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n UK (ONR) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0110HN, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u n\u0103m 2035 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 180.000 MWe (kho\u1ea3ng 170-180 l\u00f2, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i), v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2050 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 270 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u00e0nh \u0110HN c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho an ninh, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng (t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay d\u00f9ng l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u2026) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110HN ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi UK, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00e1n l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Hua Long One sang Romania, Argentina, Kenya, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eb1m trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cv\u00e0nh \u0111ai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u 30 l\u00f2 trong 10 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU): Sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Fukushima n\u0103m 2011, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia EU c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m \u0110HN, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia EU v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN (c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p, Anh (UK), Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Hungary, Czech, Slovakia v.v…), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN nh\u01b0 Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, Ba Lan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN \u0111ang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau khi x\u1ea3y ra chi\u1ebfn tranh Nga – Ukraine, k\u00e8m theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u1eeb Nga.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, B\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0110HN v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022\/2023 (c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed). N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 7 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 25% \u0110HN trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2.<\/p>\n

Song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c Ph\u00e1p (EDF) x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Anh Qu\u1ed1c, theo tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Macron m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam 14 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi (l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf EPR1600 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+) \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u00f2 c\u0169 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00eam c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng 2028, v\u00e0 2035 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 SMR c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng (CANDU) t\u1eeb Canada, hi\u1ec7n nay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 700 MWe. V\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ed1t, hi\u1ec7n nay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110HN, t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim v.v… \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 VVER t\u1eeb Nga, \u0111ang c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2 AP1000 trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi. Theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y 10 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00f2 t\u00e1i sinh neutron nhanh (FBR) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u (nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean bang Nga).<\/p>\n

H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110HN th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0110HN \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 35-40% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. \u0110HN \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7n than (nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ (APR1400), xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Ti\u1ec3u V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp (UAE) 4 l\u00f2 (hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean).<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0110HN v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kho\u1ea3ng 20-22% (ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c l\u00f2 c\u0169 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2 m\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMR).<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN. Xu th\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng \u0110HN. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u00f2 \u0111ang c\u00f3, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 (LWR) c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00f2 m\u00f4 \u0111un c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf SMR sau khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Tr\u00edch trong b\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh \u2013 Vi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/nangluongvietnam.vn\/vai-tro-dien-hat-nhan-trong-chuyen-doi-co-cau-dien-nang-cua-viet-nam-28559.html<\/a><\/p>\n

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Trong xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi cam k\u1ebft COP26, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd quay l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t […]<\/p>\n

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